You should be able to: (high tier in
bold)
recall the formulae of elements and simple compounds in the module
represent chemical reactions by word equations; write simple balanced equations
and use the state symbols (s), (l),
(g) and (aq)
write balanced equations to describe and explain a wide range of reactions
including ionic equations
Atoms and isotopes
You should be able to:
10.01 recall that all atoms of the
same element have the same number of protons
10.02 recall the relative charges and relative masses of protons, neutrons and
electrons
10.03 understand the terms atomic number and mass number
10.04 understand that isotopes are atoms of the same elements with the same
number of protons and electrons,
but different numbers of neutrons
10.05 calculate the relative atomic mass of an element from relative masses
and abundances of its
isotopes
Chemical bonds
You should be able to:
10.06 recall that some elements
combine by means of chemical reactions to form compounds, for example,
water, carbon dioxide, sodium chloride and iron sulfide
10.07 recall that an ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or
negative charge
10.08 recall that ionic bonds are formed between atoms of a metal and a
non-metal, for example, sodium and
chlorine forming sodium chloride
10.09 recall that chemical bonding involves the transfer or sharing of electrons
10.10 explain the formation of simple ionic compounds (for example, sodium
chloride) in terms of transfer of
electrons
10.11 describe the structure of ionic compounds as a lattice structure,
consisting of a regular arrangement
of ions, held together by strong forces between them, forming crystals
10.12 describe and explain the physical properties of giant ionic structures,
including sodium chloride and
magnesium oxide
10.13 recall that covalent bonds are formed between atoms of some non metals to
produce molecules (including
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine and hydrogen chloride)
10.14 explain the formation of simple covalent molecules (eg hydrogen, hydrogen
chloride, water, methane, carbon
dioxide) in terms of shared electrons between non-metal atoms, using dot
and cross diagrams
10.15 describe the physical properties of simple molecular compounds
10.16 understand that covalent bond formation can result in simple molecules
(eg hydrogen, iodine)
and giant structures (eg diamond and graphite)
10.17 describe and explain the differences between the physical properties of
simple molecular substances
and those with giant molecular structures
Energy transfers
You should be able to:
10.18 recall that changes of
temperature often accompany reactions
10.19 recall that an exothermic reaction is one in which thermal energy is given
out
10.20 recall that an endothermic reaction in one in which thermal energy is
taken in
10.21 understand that the breaking of bonds is endothermic and that the
making of bonds is exothermic
Using chemical
equations
You should be able to:
10.22 calculate the relative
formula masses of simple compounds, given relative atomic masses
10.23 use chemical equations quantitatively to determine the masses of
substances used and produced
10.24 determine the empirical formulae of simple compounds from reacting masses