4.4a Recall the Brønsted-Lowry theory and use it to identify acid-base behaviour, and identify acid-base conjugate pairs and relate them by means of suitable equations
· students are not expected to recall the Lewis theory of acids and bases
4.4b define pH
4.4f calculate the pH of solutions of strong acids and strong bases
4.4c understand the terms ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ as applied to acids and bases
4.4d define Ka and Kw and recall their units
4.4e define pKa and pKw
4.4g calculate pH of weak acids given Ka and vice versa
4.4h understand the principles involved in acid-base titrations
4.4i recall the sketch curves for the variation in pH during the following titrations; strong acid –strong base, weak acid – strong base and strong acid – weak base
· sketches of pH curves should be drawn with care.
4.4j use titration curves to determine Ka for a weak acid
4.4k explain the choice of a suitable indicator for an acid-base titration given pKInd values
· students will not be expected to recall the pH ranges of indicators other than those of
the well-known indicators, methyl orange and phenolphthalein.
· they will be expected to be able to select appropriate indicators from given tables of
data
4.4l explain the action of a buffer solution and calculate its pH from suitable data
· explanations should be based on the equations for the equilibria involved
4.4m demonstrate an understanding of how enthalpy of neutralisation is related to the strength of acids and bases.